TOPICS.

THE ALPHABET

Aprender el abecedario en ingles es algo fundamental si queremos aprender ingles. Por esta razón debes aprender la correcta pronunciación de cada letra del abecedario en ingles, si bien el ingles no es como el español, ya que las pronunciaciones de cada letra puede variar dependiendo de cada situación y el abecedario en ingles que hemos aprendido podría contradecirnos.

Entonces aquí te dejo el abecedario en ingles con su respectiva pronunciación, apréndetelo bien y si confundes las letras repítelo, el abecedario en ingles es la base para aprender ingles.

COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES!

GREETINGS FORMAL AND INFORMAL!!

>  Informal greetings Existen diferentes formas de saludar en inglés, y podemos decir que hay saludos formales e informales. Saludos informales: Hi (hola) Hello (hola) What’s up ? (Qué más) What’s new? ( Que hay de nuevo) What’s going on? ( Que te va) How are you getting on! ( Que tal )

>  Al llegar a un lugar es muy común decir frases como: Good morning Good afternoon Good evening (Buenos días) (Buenas tardes) (Buenas noches)

>  Al saludar de manera formal es común decir frases tales como: How are you ? (¿Cómo estas?) How do you do ? (¿Cómo le va?) How are you doing?(Cómo esta usted?) A estas preguntas se puede responder: Very well, thank you! ( Muy bien, gracias) I am fine, thanks ( Estoy bien gracias) Very good! (Muy bien)

>  Farewell- despedidas Para despedirnos podemos usar frases tales como: Good Bye! (adios) Bye! (adios) So long (hasta luego) See you later (Nos vemos luego) Good night (Buenas noches)

>  Como presentarse o como presentar a alguien en inglés Cuando nos presentan a alguien es común decir: Nice to meet you! ( Gusto de conocerte) la otra persona debe responder: Nice to meet you too! (Gusto de conocerte tambien ) Luego de este saludo es común decir el nombre de la siguioente manera: My name is _____________ ( My nombre es …)

PERSONAL INFORMATION  > W' QUESTIONS

>  Wh Questions

> Preguntas ´´WH´´ información Las preguntas realizadas con Wh como What, Where, When, Which, How  entre otras, se hacen con la finalidad de recibir información ya sea personal o de otras personas. Además al igual que en Español, se escribe al principio de la pregunta. Ej: How are you today? When is your birthday? What do you do? Where are you from? Who is your best friend?

>    En el siguiente esquema se presenta una tabla con el significado de cada una de las palabras interrogativas y unos ejemplos What                 ¿Que? Where              ¿Dónde? Who                  ¿Quien? When                ¿Cuando? How                  ¿Como? How much        ¿Cuánto? How long        ¿Cuánto tiempo? Whose              ¿De quien?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Formula: > Wh + + am/is/are + Subject + Complement + ? Where are the teachers? In the next classroom The insect is in the wall . What is on the wall? The insect The teachers are in the next classrom

>  __________ is your favorite color? My favorite color is red ____Where_____ is cinemark? Cinemark is in front of plaza cachanilla.   _______Who__ is michael Jackson? Michael Jackson is the king of pop ______How__ are the nachos? The nachos are hot and spicy. _____Why____ are you angry? I am angry because I failed math. _______When___ is the party? The party is next Saturday. ______What____ is very small? The ant is very small. _____Who_____ is that boy? That boy is my cousin. what who when where why How

>  Cuando Como Que Donde Quien Por que When Where Why What How Who

> The new club is at Justo Sierra. 10 She is crying because her cat run away. 20 Michel is doing homework. 15 Monica is very good on math. 10 Adriana is an English teacher. 10 The concert is on November 6 th . 15 Miriam and Richy are happy and enthusiastic 20 8 The shoe is in the closet. 10 Denisse is happy because she got a 10. 20 Roberto is at school today. 15 Dany is a nice person. 20 12 They are busy on Fridays. 15

• 8. Where is the new club? The new club is at Justo Sierra.
• 9. Why is she crying? 2 She is crying because her cat run away.
• 10. What is Michael doing? Michael is doing homework
• 11. Who is very good in math? Monica is very good in math
• 12. Who is an English teacher? Adriana is an English teacher
• 13. The concert is November 6th When is the concert?
• 14. How are they? They are happy and enthusiastic
• 15. Where is the shoe? The shoe is in the closet
• 16. Why is Denisse happy? She is happy because she got a 10
• 17. Where is Roberto? Roberto is at school today
• 18. How is Dany? Dany is a nice person
• 19. When are they busy? They are busy on Fridays

TO BE IN PRESENT!!

> Subject,               Verb,                                          Complement

  Pronoun,          S/es: Afirmativa                              Auxiliar: Do, Does

                         3rd Person: He, She, It                  Questions > Negative Sentences

>    TO BE IN PRESENT...

              AM> ARE> IS

   S/P > To be > Complement

            Present

SIMPLE PRESENT!!

El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden con cierta frecuencia y no hace referencia a si está ocurriendo en el momento actual.

A continuación se muestran las formas afirmativa, interrogativa y negativa de este tiempo verbal:

Existen algunos casos particulares como por ejemplo, si el verbo empleado termina en “SS”, “SH”, “CH”, “O” y “X” al formar la 3º persona del singular en la forma afirmativa se le agrega “ES”.

Aquí vemos algunos ejemplos:

Si el verbo es FISH (pescar), se conjugará: He fishes at the sea. Él pesca en el mar.
Si el verbo es KISS (besar), se conjugará: She kisses to her boyfriend. Ella besa a su novio.

DAILY ROUTINES AND ACTIVITIES!!

> SE HABLA DE DAILY ROUTINES CUANDO SE QUIERE DAR A CONOCER LAS ACTIVIDADES QUE SE REALIZAN DIARIAMENTE.

>  PARA HACER USO DE ESTAS RUTINAS, SE UTILIZA: -* VERBOS EN PRESENTE. POR EJEMPLO: GET UP, TAKE A SHOWER. PERO CUANDO SE HABLA EN TERCERA PERSONA AGREGAMOS “S”. POR EJEMPLO: GETS UP. HE BRUSHES HIS TEETH.

 >  *EL TIEMPO: PARA DARA A CONOCER LA RUTINA SE UTILIZA UN TIEMPO ESPECIFICO. POR EJEMPLO: AT 6:00 O’CLOCK IN THE MORNING.

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OR DESCRIPTIONS!!

FEATURES!.

attractive	atractivo
beautiful	hermoso
good-looking	guapo
handsome	guapo (para hombres)
old	viejo
pale	pálido
plain	poco atractivo
pretty	bonito (para mujeres)
tanned	bronceado
ugly	feo
unattractive	poco atractivo
young	joven
baby-faced	con cara de bebé
fresh-faced	con cara fresca, joven
pasty-faced	con cara pálida
round-faced	con cara redonda
stone-faced	con cara de piedra (que no muestra emociones)
thin-faced	con cara delgada
short	bajo
medium height	de estatura media
tall	alto
tiny	pequeño
average build	de constitución media
fat	gordo (despectivo)
muscular	musculoso
obese	obeso
overweight	gordo, excedido de peso
plump	regordete
skinny	flaco
slender	esbelto
slim	delgado
stocky	corpulento
stout	corpulento
thin	flaco
well-built	fornido
elegant	elegante
scruffy	desaliñado
smart	elegante
untidy-looking	desaliñado
well-dressed	bien vestido
short/long hair	cabello corto/largo
straight hair	cabello lacio
curly hair	cabello rizado
dark/light hair	cabello oscuro/claro
black hair	cabello negro
blond/fair hair	cabello rubio
brown hair	cabello castaño
grey hair	cabello con algunas canas
white hair	canas
redhead	pelirrojo
receding hair	entradas (en el cabello)
bald	calvo
braid	trenza
bun	rodete
ponytail	cola (en el cabello)
beard	barba
birthmark	marca de nacimiento
braces	aparato de ortodoncia
freckle	peca
mole	lunar
moustache	bigote
scar	cicatriz
sideboards (GB), sideburns (US)	patillas
tattoo	tatuaje
wart	verruga
wrinkle	arruga

PRESENT CONTINOUS!!

PARTS OF SPEECH!!

Noun (el sustantivo): The name of a person, place, thing, or concept. Some examples are: María (Mary, a proper name as opposed to a common noun), hombre (man), parque (park), libro (book), religión (religion). Nouns in Spanish have gender and number; that is, they are either masculine or feminine, singular or plural. Libro is masculine, religión is feminine; libro is singular (one book), libros is plural (two or more books).

Pronoun (el pronombre): A word which is used in place of a noun and from which it takes its gender and number. An example is él (he) to replace the expression mi hijo (my son, masculine singular). Pronouns are divided into: personal pronouns [e.g., yo (I), ella (she)], demonstratives [e.g., éste (this one), ésa (that one)], possessives [e.g, el mío/la mía (mine)], relatives [e.g., que, quien, la que, el cual (that, who, which)], and indefinites [e.g., alguien (someone), algo (something)]. Personal pronouns may serve as the subject of a verb [yo, tú, usted, etc.], the direct object of a verb [me, te, lo, la, etc.], the indirect object of a verb [me, te, le, etc.], reflexive [me, te, se, etc.], or the object of a preposition [mí, ti, usted, etc.].

Verb (el verbo): The part of speech which expresses an action or state in a variable form, according to the characteristics of the subject. There are several classes of verbs such as: active or transitive o [e.g., mover (to move) and bañar (to bathe) in Spanish require a direct object], intransitive [e.g., luchar (to fight) in Spanish normally does not have a direct object], copulative or linking [e.g., ser (to be)], impersonal [e.g., hay (there is/are)], and helping or auxiliary [e.g., he {hablado} (I have {spoken}), habríamos {spoken} (we would have {studied})].  There are three conjugations of verbs: -ar [e.g., hablar, to speak], -er [e.g., comer, to eat], and -ir [e.g., vivir, to live], each with typical sets of endings.  The endings in Spanish indicate mood, for example indicative or subjunctive, and the tense [or time, such as present, past, or future] within that mood, and the person [first (i.e., I or we), second (i.e., you), or third  (i.e., he/she or they)] and number [singular or plural].

Adverb (el adverbio): The part of speech which modifies or changes the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb. There are adverbs of place [e.g., aquí (here), allí (there)], time [e.g., después (afterwards), pronto (soon)], manner [e.g., bien (well), rápidamente (quickly)], affirmation [e.g., sí (yes )], and negation [e.g., no (no), nunca (never)]. Adverbs may appear in comparative, superlative [e.g., más (more/most), peor (worse/worst)], y diminutive [e.g., ahorita (now)] forms.

Adjective (el adjetivo): A word which is used with reference to a noun to indicate a quality or to determine or limit the noun. Accordingly, adjectives are divided into descriptive and limiting. Examples of descriptive adjectives are inteligente (intelligent ), pequeño/-a (small).  Limiting adjectives include the demonstratives [e.g., este (this), esa (that), numerals [dos (two), cien (one hundred)], possessives [mi (my), tu (your)] and *articles [el/la/los/las (the), un/una (a/an), unos/unas (some)]. Since they modify nouns, adjectives may have various endings to agree with the noun in question according to whether it is masculine or feminine, singular or plural. Descriptive adjectives may also have comparative/superlative forms [bueno = good, mejor = better/best], absolute superlative forms [fácil = easy, facilísimo = extremely easy], and diminutive forms [pequeño = small,  pequeñito = very small, tiny].

Preposition (la preposición): An invariable part of speech which unites words, denoting a relationship which exists between them. Examples include: a (to), ante (before) bajo (below), con (with), contra (against), de (of ), desde (from), en (in, at), entre (between, among), hacia (toward), hasta (until), para (for), por (for, by), según (according to), sin (without), and sobre (over, upon) and compound forms such as antes de (before), después de (after), encima de (on top of), and debajo de (underneath).

Interjection (la interjección): A part of speech which includes exclamations which express reactions and changes in mental states such as ¡ah! (oh!), ¡ay! (ow!, ouch!), ¡bravo! (well done!), and ¡uf! (ugh!).

Conjunction (la conjunción): An invariable word which serves to link words or phrases. Examples include y (and), o (or), pero (but), cuando (when), and porque (because). Conjunctions are often divided into two groups: coordinating conjunctions may be used to combine independent clauses (e.g., y, o, and pero); subordinating conjunctions (e.g. cuando and porque) introduce a subordinate or dependent clause.

Example: